Skip to content
About
Main content
Model

Pages a range query reads

Clustering buys up to an f-fold reduction in I/O.

Rows returned
rows the range query returns
Rows per page
rows per page, typically 20 to 200
Rows
rows in the table

How it behaves

One input on the horizontal axis, the others held fixed.

clustered (sequential)unclustered (random)
Data table
Pages read by rows returned (10⁸ rows, 100 per page)
Rows returned kseriesPages read
100clustered (sequential)1
119clustered (sequential)1.19
141clustered (sequential)1.41
168clustered (sequential)1.68
200clustered (sequential)2
237clustered (sequential)2.37
282clustered (sequential)2.82
335clustered (sequential)3.35
398clustered (sequential)3.98
473clustered (sequential)4.73
562clustered (sequential)5.62
668clustered (sequential)6.68
794clustered (sequential)7.94
944clustered (sequential)9.44
1.12Kclustered (sequential)11.2
1.33Kclustered (sequential)13.3
1.58Kclustered (sequential)15.8
1.88Kclustered (sequential)18.8
2.24Kclustered (sequential)22.4
2.66Kclustered (sequential)26.6
3.16Kclustered (sequential)31.6
3.76Kclustered (sequential)37.6
4.47Kclustered (sequential)44.7
5.31Kclustered (sequential)53.1
6.31Kclustered (sequential)63.1
7.5Kclustered (sequential)75
8.91Kclustered (sequential)89.1
10.6Kclustered (sequential)106
12.6Kclustered (sequential)126
15Kclustered (sequential)150
17.8Kclustered (sequential)178
21.1Kclustered (sequential)211
25.1Kclustered (sequential)251
29.9Kclustered (sequential)299
35.5Kclustered (sequential)355
42.2Kclustered (sequential)422
50.1Kclustered (sequential)501
59.6Kclustered (sequential)596
70.8Kclustered (sequential)708
84.1Kclustered (sequential)841
100Kclustered (sequential)1K
119Kclustered (sequential)1.19K
141Kclustered (sequential)1.41K
168Kclustered (sequential)1.68K
200Kclustered (sequential)2K
237Kclustered (sequential)2.37K
282Kclustered (sequential)2.82K
335Kclustered (sequential)3.35K
398Kclustered (sequential)3.98K
473Kclustered (sequential)4.73K
562Kclustered (sequential)5.62K
668Kclustered (sequential)6.68K
794Kclustered (sequential)7.94K
944Kclustered (sequential)9.44K
1.12Mclustered (sequential)11.2K
1.33Mclustered (sequential)13.3K
1.58Mclustered (sequential)15.8K
1.88Mclustered (sequential)18.8K
2.24Mclustered (sequential)22.4K
2.66Mclustered (sequential)26.6K
3.16Mclustered (sequential)31.6K
3.76Mclustered (sequential)37.6K
4.47Mclustered (sequential)44.7K
5.31Mclustered (sequential)53.1K
6.31Mclustered (sequential)63.1K
7.5Mclustered (sequential)75K
8.91Mclustered (sequential)89.1K
10.6Mclustered (sequential)106K
12.6Mclustered (sequential)126K
15Mclustered (sequential)150K
17.8Mclustered (sequential)178K
21.1Mclustered (sequential)211K
25.1Mclustered (sequential)251K
29.9Mclustered (sequential)299K
35.5Mclustered (sequential)355K
42.2Mclustered (sequential)422K
50.1Mclustered (sequential)501K
59.6Mclustered (sequential)596K
70.8Mclustered (sequential)708K
84.1Mclustered (sequential)841K
100Mclustered (sequential)1M
100unclustered (random)100
119unclustered (random)119
141unclustered (random)141
168unclustered (random)168
200unclustered (random)200
237unclustered (random)237
282unclustered (random)282
335unclustered (random)335
398unclustered (random)398
473unclustered (random)473
562unclustered (random)562
668unclustered (random)668
794unclustered (random)794
944unclustered (random)944
1.12Kunclustered (random)1.12K
1.33Kunclustered (random)1.33K
1.58Kunclustered (random)1.58K
1.88Kunclustered (random)1.88K
2.24Kunclustered (random)2.24K
2.66Kunclustered (random)2.66K
3.16Kunclustered (random)3.16K
3.76Kunclustered (random)3.76K
4.47Kunclustered (random)4.47K
5.31Kunclustered (random)5.31K
6.31Kunclustered (random)6.31K
7.5Kunclustered (random)7.5K
8.91Kunclustered (random)8.91K
10.6Kunclustered (random)10.6K
12.6Kunclustered (random)12.6K
15Kunclustered (random)15K
17.8Kunclustered (random)17.8K
21.1Kunclustered (random)21.1K
25.1Kunclustered (random)25.1K
29.9Kunclustered (random)29.9K
35.5Kunclustered (random)35.5K
42.2Kunclustered (random)42.2K
50.1Kunclustered (random)50.1K
59.6Kunclustered (random)59.6K
70.8Kunclustered (random)70.8K
84.1Kunclustered (random)84.1K
100Kunclustered (random)100K
119Kunclustered (random)119K
141Kunclustered (random)141K
168Kunclustered (random)168K
200Kunclustered (random)200K
237Kunclustered (random)237K
282Kunclustered (random)282K
335Kunclustered (random)335K
398Kunclustered (random)398K
473Kunclustered (random)473K
562Kunclustered (random)562K
668Kunclustered (random)668K
794Kunclustered (random)794K
944Kunclustered (random)944K
1.12Munclustered (random)1M
1.33Munclustered (random)1M
1.58Munclustered (random)1M
1.88Munclustered (random)1M
2.24Munclustered (random)1M
2.66Munclustered (random)1M
3.16Munclustered (random)1M
3.76Munclustered (random)1M
4.47Munclustered (random)1M
5.31Munclustered (random)1M
6.31Munclustered (random)1M
7.5Munclustered (random)1M
8.91Munclustered (random)1M
10.6Munclustered (random)1M
12.6Munclustered (random)1M
15Munclustered (random)1M
17.8Munclustered (random)1M
21.1Munclustered (random)1M
25.1Munclustered (random)1M
29.9Munclustered (random)1M
35.5Munclustered (random)1M
42.2Munclustered (random)1M
50.1Munclustered (random)1M
59.6Munclustered (random)1M
70.8Munclustered (random)1M
84.1Munclustered (random)1M
100Munclustered (random)1M

Worked examples, recomputed

Every number the mechanisms quote for this relationship is recomputed from it, so none of them disagrees with it.

Where it appears

Each mechanism states it in its own names. The general symbol each name stands for is shown with it.

  • Indexing

    When does a separate "where is it?" structure pay for itself, and what does it cost to keep it true?

    Read it in place →