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Model

Merge-on-read against copy-on-write

Write volume times unit size against read volume times merge work.

Write rate
changes per unit time
Unit size
size of the unit a copy-on-write must rewrite
Read rate
reads per unit time
Merge cost
cost each accumulated delta adds to a read
Deltas
the mean number of accumulated deltas

Trade-off: Read-optimized vs. write-optimized

Where it appears

Each mechanism states it in its own names. The general symbol each name stands for is shown with it.